Which IEA study began in 1995 and focuses on mathematics and science?

The correct answer is focused on the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), which began in 1995. TIMSS is designed to assess the mathematics and science knowledge of students worldwide, specifically at the fourth and eighth grades. The study enables countries to evaluate their educational systems and policies in math and science education by providing valuable comparative data.

TIMSS collects data on what students know and can do in these subjects, as well as contextual information about their learning environments. This allows for a comprehensive analysis of educational outcomes and practices across different nations and cultures, fostering an understanding of effective teaching and learning strategies in mathematics and science education.

In contrast, the other studies mentioned have distinct focuses: the IEA Civic Education Study centers on civic knowledge and engagement, PISA evaluates 15-year-olds' capabilities in reading, mathematics, and science on a broader scale, and the ICCS looks at civic education specifically, which is not related to the mathematics and science focus of TIMSS.